The Subterranean Presence of Indian Knowledge Systems in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India

Abstract

E.M. Forster's A Passage to India (1924) is chiefly acknowledged for its examination of the intricacies of colonialism, cultural discord, and the obstacles to personal relationships amid the British Raj. Nevertheless, in addition to its direct socio-political themes, the novel also discreetly interacts with aspects of what is currently referred to as Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). Although not expressly identified as such, IKS, especially in its philosophical, spiritual, and cultural aspects, serves as a significant, albeit frequently overlooked, undercurrent throughout the story. This paper contends that Forster's work, through its portrayal of specific characters, settings, and motifs, demonstrates a profound engagement with IKS, highlighting both its lasting impact and the challenges of interpreting it within a colonial context. This investigation requires an understanding of IKS, its diverse characteristics, and its subtle influence within the narrative. It will cover the spiritual and philosophical undercurrents of IKS in the novel, as well as the Cultural Practices and Traditions as Manifestations of IKS.